Trade operations guides
Migration off Excel, VAT refund, Incoterms 2020, L/C management, HS classification, and regulation. Practical, concise pieces that touch your team's daily work.
How to find the right HS code, 12-digit structure and correct classification
What the HS / GTIP code is for, its 12-digit structure (HS 6 + EU 2 + TR 4), how to find the right one, and the customs, tax, and sanctions risks of misclassification.
Letter of Credit step by step, 5 lifecycle stages, discrepancy, SWIFT
L/C as a documentary payment instrument across its 5 stages (preparation → SUBMITTED → ACCEPTED → DISCREPANCY → CLOSED), UCP 600 references, the most common discrepancies, and MT 700/710/750 messages.
Incoterms 2020 guide, 11 terms and when to use each
All 11 Incoterms 2020 (EXW, FCA, CPT, CIP, DAP, DPU, DDP, FAS, FOB, CFR, CIF): which one to pick, risk and cost transfer, sea vs multimodal, and the points most often confused.
Exporter VAT-refund guide, declarations, country breakdown, calendar
How the full-exemption (export) VAT refund actually works in Turkey: input VAT, sworn financial adviser report, set-off vs cash refund, declaration calendar and common pitfalls.
From Excel to CRM, a 7-step migration guide for trade teams
Move trade operations off spreadsheets and WhatsApp into a disciplined CRM: data mapping, lead/customer/order migration, team training, and ROI math.
Customer acquisition methods in trade, 10 practical channels compared
A customer-acquisition playbook for export and import teams: trade missions, fairs, B2B platforms, LinkedIn social selling, cold email, commercial attachés, content marketing. Cost and yield comparison per channel.
Trade CRM systems, an operations-backbone view of local and global options
A CRM selection guide for export and import teams: why generic CRMs fall short, trade-specific criteria, comparison of local and global options, an operations-backbone selection checklist.